Here is an overview of the terrorist organization that died an untimely death. The review should be taken with a grain of salt. It comes to us thanks to a Bharati outlet. However I checked some of the major facts and they seemed to be OK. Still PM me if any fact is out of place.
Mullah SM raped and pillaged Malakand. He was able to do that as Pustoons of this remote area sincerely believed him to be a hole-i reincarnation. Mullah SM plummeted to poltical death when thousands innocent Malakand Pusthoons were lead to death under daisy cutters. This MAToo urged Pushtoon villagers to take pick-axes and 0.303 WWII era rifles and go kill infidels. The result however was exactly opposite as the Northren Alliance and bunch of infidels simply killed most of these village idiots and the rest ended up in Aghan jails or GITMO. At least Malakand people learned their lesson and now Sufi sahib is nowhere to be found. His MAToo tanzim has also been sent to Jahunnum (hell). This sufi is a be-ghairat killer of innocent Pushtoons.
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The Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi (TNSM) is one of the five outfits that have been proscribed by President Pervez Musharraf on January 12, 2002.
Formation
The Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi (TNSM) was founded in 1992 with the objective of a militant enforcement of Islamic law. It came into prominence in November 1994 when it laid siege to the Saidu Sharif city Airport demanding imposition of the shariat.
Ideology and Objectives
It is a militant, Wahabi tribal outfit. The primary objective of the TNSM is the imposition of shariat in Pakistan. Ideologically, it is dedicated to transform Pakistan into a Taliban style state. In an August 1998-speech in Peshawar, Maulana Sufi Mohammed, its leader, reportedly declared that those opposing the imposition of shari'a in Pakistan were wajib-ul-qatl (worthy of death). The outfit while outrightly rejecting democracy has termed it as ‘un-Islamic’. In an interview Sufi Mohammed said, "We want enforcement of the Islamic judicial system in totality: judicial, political, economic, jihad, fi sabilillah, education and health. In my opinion the life of the faithful will automatically be moulded according to the Islamic system when the judicial system is enforced." TNSM rejects all political and religio-political parties as, according to it, they follow the western style of democracy. Its Chief frequently uses the term talaq (divorce) for his opponents when he criticizes any of their acts of infidelity, such as voting in the election. TNSM openly condones the use of force in what they see as a Jehad.
Leadership, Structure and Headquarters
Maulana Sufi Mohammed is the leader of the Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi (TNSM). Maulana Abdul Ghafoor is the Deputy Chief of the outfit while Muhammad Abdullah is its spokesperson. The executive body is the highest policy making organ of the TNSM. The outfit has a large number of ex-servicemen, including many retired Commissioned Officers, in its ranks and, thus, poses the greatest concern to the military regime in Pakistan. Many serving senior officers of the Pakistani Army are also related to these ex-servicemen. According to a media report, many TNSM cadres are alleged to be persons with criminal background. Dissension within the TNSM ranks has led to the expulsion of many senior leaders. Maulana Fazal Dian, a central leader was expelled by Sufi Mohammed for violating TNSM rules. Maulana Israil, the then spokesperson of the TNSM, said, on September 5, 2000, Maulana Fazal Dian had attended the meeting of Jamaat-e-Islam (JeI) held in Timergara Dir, which was a violation of the TNSM's rules and regulations. Fazal Dian later formally joined the JeI. Rham Wajid, who was the TNSM General Secretary during the May 1994-demonstrations against the provincial administration, later applied for refugee status in Canada. The TNSM headquarters is located in Maidan, lower Dir district. Media reports have indicate that the TNSM has now attained the status of a well-trained and well-equipped militant organization by getting hundreds of its youths trained in Afghanistan.
Area of operation
The TNSM operates primarily in the tribal belt, such as in Swat and the adjoining districts of the North West Frontier Province (NWFP). Although well established in the NWFP, the TNSM has had only limited success in expanding its activities beyond the tribal areas of the province. The strategy of the then NWFP government of Mehtab Abbasi, in 1999, to reportedly work with the TNSM rather than confront it assisted the outfit in expanding its activities in the region. News sources indicate that the government reportedly announced concessions with regard to implementation of shari'a in the area.
The TNSM and the JeI are locked in a turf war in the Malakand division and the Jamaat-Ulema-e-Islam, JeI and TNSM are in conflict with each other in the tribal areas.
Media reports of April 2001 indicated that the TNSM’s operations shifted from its earlier strongholds in Mingora in Swat and Dir to the tourist resorts of Madyan, Bahrain and Kalam where hundreds of armed youths with black turbans were reportedly seen roaming around. Tourism operators, especially hoteliers, who have invested large amounts of money in constructing some three dozen standard hotels and other tourist attractions are facing threats of attacks on tourists. Reports were circulating in the area that no unveiled woman would be allowed to enter or move about in the summer resorts, giving credence to the fears that all government efforts to promote tourism in the area would suffer a setback.
Activities and Incidents
It first came into prominence in November 1994 when it led an armed uprising in support of shariat in the Malakand division, North West Frontier Province (NWFP) The TNSM's call to arms reportedly drew large numbers of experienced Afghan Mujahideen from nearby Peshawar and Bajaur areas. Approximately 40 persons, including 12 security force personnel, were killed in a week of fighting before the government was able to reestablish law and order. The Frontier Corps was deployed to regain control of the Saidu Sharif airport, roads, police stations and judicial courts in the area.
The TNSM’s siege against the provincial administration is witnessed mostly during the summer, every year, and there has been no change in this routine since 1994 when violent clashes took place between its cadres and the law enforcement authorities.
The TNSM, Malakand division, organized a protest procession in Mingora on September 20, 2001 where the speakers called for raising a ‘voluntary army’ in order to extend support to the Taliban militia against the then impending US strikes.
The outfit has also established parallel 'courts' in the Malakand division to protest against what it perceives is the non-cooperation of the government. A media report of December 2000 indicated that these courts had so far decided approximately one hundred cases in all the districts of the division. According to the TNSM leadership, the legal system in Pakistan was based on English laws and hence was not acceptable to the outfit. Further, these ‘courts’ are reportedly pronouncing ‘decisions’ on many cases free of charge. The TNSM has also demanded the use of Pashtu language for court proceedings instead of the national language, Urdu.
In the US military campaign in Afghanistan, the TNSM is reported to have sent thousands of armed cadres to Afghanistan to fight alongside the Taliban militia. News reports of October 27 from Bajaur, NWFP, indicated that approximately 10,000 TNSM cadres led by their Chief, Maulana Sufi Mohammed, crossed the Pakistan-Afghan border. They were armed with Klashnikovs, rocket launchers, missiles, anti-aircraft guns, hand grenades and swords. Their convoy comprising 300 vehicles had left the TNSM headquarters in Maidan, lower Dir district, and reached Bajaur Agency. 4,000-armed tribesmen are also reported to have joined the TNSM cadres and they have reached the Ghaani Pass on the Pakistan-Afghan border. News reports added that the political administration of Bajaur Agency allowed the TNSM cadres to pass through the agency jurisdiction on their way to Afghanistan. According to the TNSM Chief, the cadres were proceeding to Kandahar, headquarters of the erstwhile Taliban regime. Qazi Ihsanullah, a TNSM spokesperson said in Bajaur, on October 27, "We will resist if the authorities try to stop us. The jihad (holy war) will start here…Initially Mullah Omar advised us to wait and come to Afghanistan only when necessary but we have told them that we will stay in Afghanistan as a reserve force." TNSM sources indicated that scrutiny of cadres was carried out to send only the able-bodied and young people to fight along side the Taliban. TNSM said in Maidan Dir (Lower) on October 24 that he had "urged all of his followers to prepare themselves for the jihad that was binding on them." He opined, "It was compulsory for the faithful to participate in the jihad against the aggressors", and added, "non-Muslims should be taught an exemplary lesson." He said it was Jehad in the way of Allah and not for the Taliban. He claimed that the TNSM cadres were in possession of all kinds of heavy weapons like anti-aircraft guns, mortars, missiles, and klashnikovs. He added that the TNSM was in contact with the then Jalalabad Governor, Abdul Kabir and Taliban supremo Mulla Mohammed Omar.
The TNSM while condemning the Afghan policy of the Musharraf regime termed it as a total failure.
Media reports have indicated that a sizeable number of TNSM activists have joined the Taliban ranks since 1994.
In April 2001, the TNSM demanded that the provincial administration of Malakand put in place a ‘true Islamic judicial system’ by dismantling the present set-up. It rejected the government's judicial system which, in its perception, lacks in authority and finality under Islamic injunctions. It also opposed the military regime’s plan to hold local council elections. In his speeches at Ushu, Kalam and other places, in April 2001, the TNSM Chief said, "There is no room for vote in Islam and the concept of democracy which some religio-political parties are demanding is wrong."
The TNSM is also reported to have set up approximately three FM radio stations in the Bajaur area of North West Frontier Province of Pakistan, bordering Afghanistan, to campaign for funds and volunteers to fight alongside the Taliban militia. These radio stations were also used to air TNSM leaders' address to pro-Taliban rallies.
On November 5, 1994, 15 persons were killed and 17 others injured TNSM cadres clashed with security forces in the NWFP region. The TNSM was demanding the enforcement of Sharia in the tribal Malakand region, which borders Afghanistan. The TNSM movement to introduce Sharia in the region was strengthened following a Supreme Court decision in February 1993 that removed British colonial laws in tribal areas.
On November 8, 1994, TNSM released 50 government officials in the town of Matta, NWFP, following a cease-fire between the outfit and the provincial government. NWFP Chief Minister Sherpao consequently agreed to enforce Sharia in Malakand.
On December 4, 1994, police fired tear gas to halt a march by 5-10,000 members of the TNSM who were seeking the release of 85 colleagues who had been arrested during the past month's protests.
On June 19, 1995, the TNSM Chief and twenty of his senior followers were arrested following a clash with the security forces. At least 26 persons were injured when hundreds of TNSM cadres occupied government offices in the Swat district. They were demanding the implementation of an agreement reached with the government in 1994 to enforce Sharia in Malakand.
On September 6, 1998, the TNSM threatened to attack American property and also abduct American citizens in Pakistan unless the USA apologised to the Muslim world for the August 1998 missile strikes in Afghanistan.
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